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Bundesstaat |
Zitat bzw. Fundstelle |
Höchstbetrag
für bestimmte Schadensarten? |
Beweislast
(sog. »Evidentiary Standard« |
Sonstige
Beschränkungen |
| Alabama |
§§Ala. Code
6-11-20,21
(Supp. 1992) |
$250,000, exception: »wrongful
death cases« |
Clear and convincing evidence |
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| Alaska |
Alaska Stat.
§
09.17.020
(Supp 1992) |
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Clear and convincing evidence |
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| Arizona |
Ariz. Rev. Stat Ann.
§
12-653.02.03 |
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Actual malice
for cases of libel or slander |
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| Arkansas |
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| California |
Cal. Civ. Code
§§
3294 (a), 3295
(West Supp. 1993) |
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Clear and convincing evidence |
Für deliktische Ansprüche
(non-contractual),
muss »oppression, fraud or malice« nachgewiesen werden |
| Colorado |
Colo. Rex. Stat.
§13-21-102 (1987) |
|
Proof beyond reasonable doubt |
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| Connecticut |
Conn. Gen Stat. Ann §52-240
(b) |
Punitive damages
not to exceed an
amount equal to twice the compensatory damages awarded
to plaintiff |
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| Delaware |
Del. Code Ann
tit 18 §6855 |
|
Malice or willful or wanton misconduct
in health care malpractice |
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| District
of Columbia |
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| Florida |
Fla. Stat. Ann
Ch. 768.73 |
May not exceed three times the compensatory
damages unless clear and convincing evident is presented which supports
a larger punitive award |
Clear and convincing evidence |
|
| Georgia |
Ga. Code Ann.
§51- 12-5.1 (Michie
Supp. 1992) |
|
Clear and convincing evidence |
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Hawaii |
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| Idaho |
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| Illinois |
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| Indiana |
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| Iowa |
Iowa Code Ann.
§
668A.1 (West 1987) |
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Evidence must be clear, convincing
and satisfactory |
|
| Kansas |
Kann. Stat. Ann.
§§
60-3701 to 3702
(Supp. 1991) |
5 Mil. or defendant’s highest
gross annual income for the last five years (may be circumvented
if defendant expected to make a profit exceeding the cap) |
Clear and convincing evidence |
|
| Kentucky
|
Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann.
§ 411.184
(Baldwin 1991) |
|
Clear and convincing evidence |
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| Louisiana |
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| Maine |
Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. Tit. 18-Am, § 2-804
(West 1993) |
Wrongful death:
$75,000 |
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| Maryland |
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| Massachusetts |
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| Michigan |
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| Minnesota |
Minn. Stat. Ann.
§ 5549.20 (a)
(West 1988) |
|
Clear and convincing evidence |
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| Mississippi |
Miss. Code Ann.
§
11-1-65 (1993) |
Punitive damages only if compensatory
damages are awarded |
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| Missouri |
Mo. Ann Stat.
§
510.263 (Vernon Supp. 1992) |
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| Montana |
Mont. Code Ann
§
27-1-221 (1992) |
|
Clear and convincing evidence |
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| Nebraska |
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| Nevada |
Nev. Rev. Stat.
§§
41,337, 42,005 |
$300,000 when compensatory damages
are less than §100,000 and up to three times compensatory damages
when compensatory damages are more than $100,000 |
Oppression, fraud, or mlice express
or implies unerlaube Handlungen
( ProdH-); malice in libel or slander
action; Clear and convincing evidence |
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| New Hampshire |
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| New Jersey
|
N.J. Rev. Stat. Ann.
§
2A.56, .58C-5 (West 1987) |
|
ProdH. Conduct
was actuated by actual
malice or accompanied by wanton and willful disregard of safety of
product users or others |
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| New Mexico |
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| New York |
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| North Carolina |
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| North Dakota |
N.D. Cent. Code
§
32-03-07, -11 (1987) |
Limited to compensatory damages or
$250,000 if no compensatory damages are awarded |
Prima facia evidence as threshold
support to allow for motion
to allow exemplary damages; oppression,
fraud, actual or presumed malice for unerlaubte Handlungen |
|
| Ohio |
Ohio Rev. Code Ann.
§
2307.80, 2315.21 (Anderson 1991) |
Determined by
the court |
Clear and convincing evidence; acts
or omission of defendant demonstrate malice, aggrieved or egregious
fraud, oppression, or insult |
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| Oklahoma |
Okla. Stat. Ann. Tit.
23 § 93A West 1987) |
|
Clear and convincing evidence |
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| Oregon |
Ore. Rev. Stat.
§
30.925 (1) (1991) |
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Clear and convincing evidence |
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| Pennsylvania |
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| Rhode Island |
R.I. Gen Laws
§ 28-5-29.1
(Sup. 1992) |
|
Conduct to be motivated by malice
or ill-will and that such conduct involves reckless
or callous indifference
to statutorily protected rights of others |
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| South Carolina |
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| South Dakota |
S.D. Codified Laws
Ann. § 21-1-4-1. (1987) |
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Clear and convincing evidence; willful,
wanton or malicious conduct by defendant |
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| Tennessee
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| Texas
|
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann.
§ 41.004, .007
(West Supp. 199289) |
Other than nominal damages must
be
awarded; limited to the greater of $200,000 or four times the amount
of the actual damages |
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| Utah |
Utah Code Ann.
§
78-18-1 (1) (a) |
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Clear and convincing evidence |
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| Vermont |
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| Virginia |
Va. Code Ann.
§8.01- $350,000
38.1, -52 |
$350,000 |
Willful or wanton conduct or recklessness
evincing conscious disregard for safety of others |
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| Washington |
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| West Virginia |
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| Wisconsin |
Wis. Stat. Ann
§
895.85 (3) |
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Punitive damages only awarded if
defendant »acted maliciously toward the plaintiff or in an
intentional disregard of the rights of the plaintiff« |
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| Wyoming |
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